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Dual High Efficiency Charge Pump for White LED and Flash Applications General Description
The AAT2805 is a dual charge pump designed to support both the white LED backlight and flash applications for systems operating with lithium-ion/polymer batteries. The backlight charge pump is capable of driving up to four LEDs at a total of 120mA. The current sinks may be operated individually or in parallel for driving higher current LEDs. To maximize power efficiency, the charge pump operates in 1X, 1.5X, or 2X mode, where the mode of operation is automatically selected by comparing the forward voltage of each LED with the input voltage. AnalogicTech's AS2CwireTM (Advanced Simple Serial ControlTM) serial digital input is used to enable, disable, and set current for each LED with a 16-level logarithmic scale plus four low-current settings down to 50A for optimized efficiency, with a typical operating quiescent current of less than 50A. The flash charge pump is a charge pump doubler with a regulated output voltage. It is designed to deliver 120mA of continuous current and up to 250mA of pulsed current. It has an independent enable pin for improved power savings. The AAT2805 has thermal protection and built-in soft-start circuitry. A low-current shutdown feature disconnects the load from VIN and reduces quiescent current to less than 1A. The AAT2805 is available in a Pb-free, space-saving, thermally-enhanced TDFN44-16 package and is rated over the -40C to +85C temperature range.
AAT2805
Features
* * *
ChargePumpTM
* * * * * *
VIN Range: 2.7V to 5.5V Dual Charge Pump to Support Backlight and Flash LEDs Backlight Charge Pump: -- Regulated Current -- Four Current Sink Inputs -- AS2Cwire Brightness Control -- Tri-Mode Charge Pump -- Maximum 30mA of Current Per Input -- Low IQ (50A) in Light Load Mode Flash Charge Pump: -- Regulated Output Voltage -- Up to 250mA of Pulsed Current Independent Backlight/Flash Control Low Noise 1MHz Constant Frequency Operation Automatic Soft-Start No Inductors Available in TDFN44-16 Package
Applications
* * * Color (RGB) Lighting White LED Backlighting White LED Photo Flash
Typical Application
C1 1F C2 1F C3 1F
C1+ C1- C2+ C2- C3+ C3VOUT_FL VIN VIN CIN 1F COUT 1F
VOUT_FLASH Flash
AAT2805
VOUT_BL
Backlight
D1 EN/SET EN_FLSH EN/SET EN_FLSH GND D1 D2 D3 D4
D2
D3
D4
COUT 1F
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Dual High Efficiency Charge Pump for White LED and Flash Applications Pin Descriptions
Pin #
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 EP
AAT2805
Symbol
C3C3+ VOUT_FL VIN D4 D3 D2 D1 GND EN/SET C1+ C1VOUT_BL C2+ C2EN_FLSH
Function
Flying capacitor 3 negative terminal. Flying capacitor 3 positive terminal. Connect a 1F capacitor between C3+ and C3-. Regulated output voltage for flash LED. Requires 1F capacitor connected between this pin and ground. Input power supply. Requires 1F capacitor connected between this pin and ground. Current sink input 4. Current sink input 3. Current sink input 2. Current sink input 1. Ground. AS2Cwire serial interface control pin. It is used to enable/disable the backlight charge pump and to control the brightness of the white LEDs. Flying capacitor 1 positive terminal. Connect a 1F capacitor between C1+ and C1-. Flying capacitor 1 negative terminal. Regulated output voltage for white LED. Requires 1F capacitor connected between this pin and ground. Flying capacitor 2 positive terminal. Connect a 1F capacitor between C2+ and C2-. Flying capacitor 2 negative terminal. Enable/disable pin for the flash charge pump. Exposed paddle (bottom); connect to GND directly beneath package.
Pin Configuration
TDFN44-16 (Top View)
C3C3+ VOUT_FL VIN D4 D3 D2 D1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
EN_FLSH C2C2+ VOUT_BL C1C1+ EN/SET GND
2
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Dual High Efficiency Charge Pump for White LED and Flash Applications Absolute Maximum Ratings1
Symbol
VIN VEN/SET; EN_FL TLEAD
AAT2805
Description
Input Voltage EN/SET; EN_FL to GND Voltage Maximum Soldering Temperature (at leads, 10 sec)
Value
-0.3 to 6.0 -0.3 to VIN + 0.3 300
Units
V V C
Thermal Information2
Symbol
PD JA
Description
Maximum Power Dissipation Maximum Thermal Resistance
3
Value
2.0 50
Units
W C/W
1. Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation at conditions other than the operating conditions specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum Rating should be applied at any one time. 2. Mounted on an FR4 board. 3. Derate 6.25mW/C above 25C. 2805.2006.04.1.7
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Dual High Efficiency Charge Pump for White LED and Flash Applications Electrical Characteristics1
VIN = 3.6V; CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = C3 = 1.0F; TA = -40C to +85C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are TA = 25C. Symbol
VIN
AAT2805
Description
Operation Range
Conditions
Min Typ Max Units
2.7 5.5 1 3.0 3.0 A 4.5 1.0 10 0.5 4.32 4.3 120 250 100 1.0 0.4 1.4 0.3 50 75 500 500 -1.0 1.0 75 7 4.5 4.5 4.68 4.7 V mA A % % V
Input Power Supply
ICC
Operating Current
ISHDN IDX I(D-Match) RSINK VOUT_FL
IOUT_FL TSS FCLK VEN(L) VEN(H) TEN/SET LO TEN/SET_HI_MIN TEN/SET_HI_MAX TOFF TLAT II
Shutdown Current Input Current Accuracy2, 3 Current Matching Between VD1:D4 = 3.6, VIN = 3.5V Any Two Current Sink Inputs2, 4 Sink Switch Impedance (each)2 3.0V < VIN < 5V, IOUT = 100mA; Flash Charge Pump Output EN_FLSH = VIN 3.0V < VIN < 5V, IOUT = 150mA; Voltage5 EN_FLSH = VIN Maximum Continuous IOUT5 VIN = 3.6V; VOUT = 4.5V; EN_FLSH = VIN Maximum Pulsed IOUT5 VIN = 3.6V; VOUT = 4.5V; IPULSED < 500ms Soft-Start Time Clock Frequency Enable Threshold Low Enable Threshold High EN/SET Low Time VEN/SET < 0.6V Minimum EN/SET High Time VEN/SET > 1.4V Maximum EN/SET High Time EN/SET Off Timeout6 VEN/SET < 0.6V EN/SET Latch Timeout7 VEN/SET > 1.4V Enable and EN/SET Input VEN/SET = VEN_FLSH = VIN Leakage
1X Mode, 3.0 VIN 5.5, Active, No Load Current; EN_FLSH = GND, EN/SET = VIN 1.5X Mode, 3.0 VIN 5.5, Active, No Load Current; EN_FLSH = GND, EN/SET = VIN 2X Mode, 3.0 VIN 5.5, Active, No Load Current; EN_FLSH = GND, EN/SET = VIN EN_FLSH = GND, 50A Output Setting, 1X Mode 3.0 VIN 5.5, No Load Current; EN_FLSH = VIN, EN/SET = GND EN_FLSH = EN/SET = 0 ISET = 30mA; TA = 25C
0.3 1.0 1.0 50 2.0
mA
-10
mA s MHz V V s ns s s s A
1. The AAT2805 is guaranteed to meet performance specifications over the -40C to +85C operating temperature range and is assured by design, characterization, and correlation with statistical process controls. 2. Specification applies only to the tri-mode charge pump. 3. Determined by the average of all active channels. 4. Current matching is defined as the deviation of any sink current from the average of all active channels. 5. Specification applies only to the charge pump doubler. 6. The EN/SET pin must remain logic low (less than VEN(L)) for the duration of longer than 500s to guarantee the off timeout. 7. The EN/SET pin must remain logic high (greater than VEN(H)) for the duration of longer than 500s to guarantee the latch timeout.
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Dual High Efficiency Charge Pump for White LED and Flash Applications Typical Characteristics-Flash Driver Charge Pump Section
Output Voltage vs. Output Current
(VOUT_FL = 4.5V; EN_FL = VIN; EN/SET = GND)
4.60
AAT2805
Maximum Current Pulse vs. Supply Voltage
(VOUT_FL = 4.5V; EN_FL = VIN; EN/SET = GND)
Maximum Current Pulse (mA)
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50
Output Voltage (V)
4.56 4.52 4.48 4.44
One-shot pulse duration = 250ms VOUT > 4.0V
3.6V 3.0V 2.7V 3.3V
4.40 0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
0 3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2
Output Current (mA)
Supply Voltage (V)
Start-Up Time
(50mA Load)
Start-Up Time
(100mA Load)
EN_FLSH (1V/div)
EN_FLSH (1V/div)
VOUT_FL (1V/div)
VOUT_FL (1V/div)
TIme (100s/div)
TIme (100s/div)
Load Response vs. Time
(50mA Load) VIN = 3.5V VOUT_FL (10mV/div) VOUT_FL (10mV/div)
Load Response vs. Time
(100mA Load) VIN = 3.5V
IOUT (20mA/div)
IOUT (50mA/div)
Time (5ms/div)
Time (5ms/div)
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Dual High Efficiency Charge Pump for White LED and Flash Applications Typical Characteristics-Flash Driver Charge Pump Section
Output Ripple Voltage vs. Time
(IOUT = 50mA @ VIN = 3.5V) VIN (10mV/div) VOUT (10mV/div) VIN (10mV/div) VOUT (20mV/div)
AAT2805
Output Ripple Voltage vs. Time
(IOUT = 100mA @ VIN = 3.5V)
IIN (10mA/div)
IIN (10mA/div)
Time (500ns/div)
Time (500ns/div)
Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage
IOUT = 0A C3 = 1F VEN_FL = VIN
Oscillator Frequency vs. Supply Voltage
Oscillator Frequency (MHz)
1.30
3.00
Supply Current (mA)
2.75 2.50 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 2.5
1.25
+25C
1.20
+85C -40C
1.15
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
1.10 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7
Supply Voltage (V)
Supply Voltage (V)
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Dual High Efficiency Charge Pump for White LED and Flash Applications Typical Characteristics-White LED Backlight Driver Section
Turn-On to 1X Mode
(VIN = 4.2V; 20mA Load)
AAT2805
Turn-On to 1.5X Mode
(VIN = 3.5V; 20mA Load)
EN (2V/div) CP (2V/div) VSINK (500mV/div) IIN (200mA/div) Time (100s/div)
EN (2V/div) CP (2V/div) VSINK (500mV/div) IIN (200mA/div)
Time (100s/div)
Turn-On to 2X Mode
(VIN = 2.8V; 20mA Load) EN (2V/div) VF (1V/div)
Turn-Off from 1.5X Mode
(VIN = 3.5V; 20mA Load)
EN (2V/div) CP (2V/div) VSINK (500mV/div) IIN (200mA/div)
IIN (100mA/div)
Time (100s/div)
Time (500s/div)
Efficiency vs. Supply Voltage
100 90 80 4.1mA VF = 2.9V 20.4 20.2
Current Matching vs. Temperature
Channel 2 Channel 4 Channel 3 Channel 1
Efficiency (%)
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.2 1mA VF = 2.7V 10.2mA VF = 3.1V 20mA VF = 3.4V
Current (mA)
20.0 19.8 19.6 19.4 19.2 19.0 -40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
Supply Voltage (V)
Temperature (C)
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Dual High Efficiency Charge Pump for White LED and Flash Applications Typical Characteristics-White LED Backlight Driver Section
Load Characteristics
(VIN = 3.7V; 1.5X Mode; 15mA Load)
AAT2805
Load Characteristics
(VIN = 2.7V; 2X Mode; 15mA Load)
VIN (40mV/div) CP (40mV/div) VSINK (40mV/div)
VIN (40mV/div) CP (40mV/div) VSINK (40mV/div)
Time (500ns/div)
Time (500ns/div)
Load Characteristics
(VIN = 3.9V; 1.5X Mode; 20mA Load)
Load Characteristics
(VIN = 2.9V; 2X Mode; 20mA Load)
VIN (40mV/div) CP (40mV/div) VSINK (40mV/div)
VIN (40mV/div) CP (40mV/div) VSINK (40mV/div)
Time (500ns/div)
Time (500ns/div)
Load Characteristics
(VIN = 4.2V; 1.5X Mode; 30mA Load) VIN (40mV/div) CP (40mV/div)
Load Characteristics
(VIN = 3.2V; 2X Mode; 30mA Load)
VIN (40mV/div) CP (40mV/div) VSINK (40mV/div)
VSINK (40mV/div)
Time (500ns/div)
Time (500ns/div)
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Dual High Efficiency Charge Pump for White LED and Flash Applications Typical Characteristics-White LED Backlight Driver Section
EN/SET Latch Timeout vs. Input Voltage
EN/SET Latch Timeout (s)
350 400
AAT2805
EN/SET Off Timeout vs. Input Voltage
EN/SET Off Timeout (s)
300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5
-40C
-40C
25C
85C
25C
85C
Input Voltage (V)
Input Voltage (V)
Input Ripple vs. Input Voltage
Enable Threshold High (V)
18 16 1.2 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2
Enable Threshold High vs. Input Voltage
Amplitude (mV)
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2.50 2.67 2.84 3.01 3.18 3.35 3.52 3.69 3.86 4.03 4.20
-40C
20mA
30mA
25C
85C
10.2mA
2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5
Input Voltage (V)
Input Voltage (V)
Enable Threshold Low vs. Input Voltage
Enable Threshold Low (V)
1.2 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5
-40C
25C
85C
Input Voltage (V)
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Dual High Efficiency Charge Pump for White LED and Flash Applications Functional Block Diagram
C3+
Soft-Start
AAT2805
C3-
EN_FLSH
1MHz Oscillator
2X Charge Pump
VOUT_FLSH
VIN
VREF Soft-Start Control 1MHz Oscillator Voltage Reference 1X 1.5X 2X Charge Pump
C1+ C1C2+ C2VOUT_BL
D/A 6 X 16 Bit ROM D/A D/A
D1 D2 D3 D4 GND
EN/SET
Control Logic
6 X 16 Bit ROM
D/A
Functional Description
The AAT2805 is a dual charge pump designed for flash and white LED applications. The backlight charge pump is a tri-mode load switch (1X) and high efficiency (1.5X or 2X) charge pump device. To maximize power conversion efficiency, an internal sensing circuit monitors the voltage required on each constant current sink input and sets the load switch and charge pump modes based on the input battery voltage and the current sink input voltage. As the battery voltage discharges over time, the white LED charge pump is enabled when any of the four current sink inputs near dropout. The charge pump initially starts in 1.5X mode. If the charge pump output drops
enough for any current source output to become close to dropout, the charge pump will automatically transition to 2X mode. The four constant current sink inputs D1 to D4 can drive four individual LEDs with a maximum current of 30mA per LED. The unused sink inputs must be connected to VOUT_BL; otherwise, the part will operate only in 2X charge pump mode. The AS2Cwire serial interface enables and sets the constant current sink magnitudes. AS2Cwire addressing allows the LED main channels D1-D3 to be controlled independently from the LED sub-channel D4. The flash charge pump is a charge pump doubler with regulated output voltage. It is designed to deliver 120mA of continuous current and 250mA of pulsed current.
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Dual High Efficiency Charge Pump for White LED and Flash Applications
The AAT2805 requires six external components: three 1F ceramic capacitors for the charge pump flying capacitors (C1, C2, and C3), one 1F ceramic input capacitor (CIN), one 0.33F to 1F ceramic capacitor for backlight charge pump output capacitor (COUT), and one 1F ceramic capacitor for flash charge pump output capacitor (COUT). Max IOUT (mA) 30mA 15mA
30.0 26.7 23.8 21.4 19.0 16.7 15.2 13.3 11.9 10.5 9.5 8.6 7.6 6.7 6.2 0.0 15.0 13.3 11.9 10.7 9.5 8.3 7.6 6.7 6.0 5.2 4.8 4.3 3.8 3.3 3.1 0.0
AAT2805
Data
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
20mA
20.0 17.8 15.9 14.3 12.7 11.1 10.2 8.9 7.9 7.0 6.3 5.7 5.1 4.4 4.1 0.0
Constant Current Output Level Settings
The constant current level for the LED channels is set via the AS2Cwire serial interface according to a logarithmic scale. The current level spacing is 1dB between adjacent constant current settings. In this manner, LED brightness appears to change linearly when the settings are traversed. Because the inputs D1 to D4 are true independent constant current sinks, the voltage observed on any single given input will be determined by the difference between VOUT and the actual forward voltage (VF) of the LED being driven. Since the constant current levels are programmable, no PWM (pulse width modulation) or additional control circuitry is needed to control LED brightness. This feature greatly reduces the burden on a microcontroller or system IC to manage LED or display brightness, allowing the user to "set it and forget it." With its high-speed serial interface (>1MHz data rate), the LED current drive can be changed successively to brighten or dim LEDs, in smooth transitions (e.g., to fade-out) or in abrupt steps, giving the user complete programmability and real-time control of LED brightness. For each Max Current scale (see Table 1), there are 16 current level settings separated from one another by approximately 1dB. Code 1 is full-scale current and Code 15 is full-scale current attenuated by roughly 14dB. Code 16 is reserved as a "no current" setting. When programming the charge pump, it will default to the 20mA maximum scale. The AAT2805 offers an additional Low Current mode with reduced quiescent current (see Table 2). This mode is especially useful for low-current applications where a continuous, low-current state is maintained. The reduction in quiescent current significantly reduces the impact due to maintaining a continuous backlighting state.
Table 1: Constant Current Programming Levels. Data
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
D1-D3 (mA)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.5 1 2 0.05 0.5 1 2
D4 (mA)
0 0 0 0 0.05 0.5 1 2 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.5 1 2
Table 2: Low Current Register Settings.
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Dual High Efficiency Charge Pump for White LED and Flash Applications
AS2Cwire Serial Interface
The AS Cwire single wire interface is used to set the possible combinations of current levels and LED channel states. AS2Cwire has addressing capability for multiple data registers. With multiple data registers, the main and sub-channel can be programmed together or independently from one another. AS2Cwire relies on the number of rising edges of the EN/SET pin to address and load the registers. AS2Cwire latches data or address after the EN/SET pin has been held high for time TLAT. Address or data is differentiated by the number of EN/SET rising edges. Since the data registers are 4 bits each, the differentiating number of pulses is 24 or 16, so that Address 1 is signified by 17 rising edges, Address 2 by 18 rising edges, and so forth. Data is set to any number of rising edges between 1 and including 16. A typical write protocol is a burst of EN/SET rising edges, signifying a particular address, followed by a pause with EN/SET held high for the TLAT timeout period, a burst of rising edges signifying data, and a TLAT timeout for the data registers. Once an address is set, then multiple writes to the corresponding data register are allowed.
2
AAT2805
the part is programmed to operate in Low Current mode and the Data for Addresses 1-3 is irrelevant. In Low Current mode, the Low Current register takes precedence. See the Low Current Register Settings table below for the current level settings and main/ sub-configurations that result. Address
1 2 3 4 5
EN/SET Edges
17 18 19 20 21
Addressed Register
1&2: D1-D4 Current 1: D1-D3 Current 2: D4 Current 3: Max Current 4: Low Current
Table 3: Address Settings.
Max Current and Low Current Registers
Use the Max Current and Low Current registers to program constant current settings outside of the 20mA Max scale. By default (without changing the Max Current register), the charge pump operates in the 20mA Max scale (see Table 1). For example, to change to the 30mA Max scale, address the Max Current register with 20 rising edges and pause for TLAT. Program the Max Current register with 2 rising edges and pause for TLAT. The part will next operate in the same Data row, but for the setting found in the 30mA Max column. Next, to change to a different setting on the 30mA Max scale, address the D1-D4 register with 17 rising edges. Program the new constant current level with 1-16 rising edges. The part will update to the new Data setting as shown in Table 1. The charge pump has a distinct Low Current mode with ultra-low quiescent current. For drive currents of 2mA or less, the part operates with significantly reduced quiescent current. This is particularly useful for applications requiring an "always on" condition such as transmissive displays. For another example, to change to Low Current mode, address the Max Current register with 20 rising edges and pause for TLAT. Program the Max Current register with 4 rising edges and pause for TLAT. Address the Low Current register with 21 rising edges and pause for TLAT. Program the Low Current register with 1-16 rising edges. The part will update to the new Low Current mode setting and operate with significantly reduced quiescent current.
When EN/SET is held low for an amount of time greater than TOFF, the charge pump enters into shutdown mode and draws less than 1A from the supply. Address 1 is the default address on the first rising edge after the charge pump has been disabled. Whenever shutdown mode is entered, all registers are reset to 1.
AS2Cwire Addressing
Five addresses are available to enable all of the part's functionality (see Table 3). Two 4-bit registers control the main and sub-channel, giving 16 settings for each. The main and sub-channel are programmed to the same constant current level by using Address 1. Use Addresses 2 and 3 to program the main and sub-channel independently. Use Address 4 to program the Max Current register, which sets the Max Current scale. Lastly, Address 5 programs the Low Current register. The Low Current register controls the efficient Low Current mode. When the Max Current register is programmed to 1, 2, or 3, changing the data for Addresses 1-3 will result in the corresponding values found in Table 1. When the Max Current register is programmed to 4,
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Dual High Efficiency Charge Pump for White LED and Flash Applications
AS2Cwire Serial Interface Timing Diagram
Address
THI TLO TLAT TLAT
AAT2805
Data
EN/SET
1 2 17 18 1 2... n <= 16
Address
0
1
Data Reg 1
0
n
Data Reg 2
0
Data
1 2 3 4
Max Current
20mA Max Scale 30mA Max Scale 15mA Max Scale Low Current Mode
Applications Information
LED Selection
The AAT2805 is specifically intended for driving white LEDs. However, the device design will allow the AAT2805 to drive most types of LEDs with forward voltage specifications ranging from 2.0V to 4.3V. LED applications may include main display backlighting, camera photo-flash applications, color (RGB) LEDs, infrared (IR) diodes for remotes, and other loads benefiting from a controlled output current generated from a varying input voltage. Since the D1 to D4 input current sinks are matched with negligible voltage dependence, the LED brightness will be matched regardless of the specific LED forward voltage (VF) levels. In some instances (e.g., in high-luminous-output applications such as photo flash), it may be necessary to drive high-VF type LEDs. The low dropout current sinks in the AAT2805 make it capable of driving LEDs with forward voltages as high as 4.3V at full current from an input supply as low as 3.0V. Outputs can be paralleled to drive high-current LEDs without complication.
Table 4: Maximum Current Settings Address 4.
Disabled Current Sinks
The backlight charge pump is equipped with an autodisable feature to protect against an LED failure condition. Current sink inputs that are not used should be disabled. To disable and properly terminate unused current sink inputs, they must be tied to VOUT. If left unconnected or terminated to ground, the part will be forced to operate in 2X charge pump mode. Properly terminating unused current sink inputs is important to prevent the charge pump modes from activating prematurely. When properly terminated, only a small sense current flows for each disabled channel. The sense current for each disabled channel is less than 120A.
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Dual High Efficiency Charge Pump for White LED and Flash Applications
Device Switching Noise Performance
The AAT2805 operates at a fixed frequency of approximately 1MHz to control noise and limit harmonics that can interfere with the RF operation of cellular telephone handsets or other communication devices. Back-injected noise appearing on the input pin of the charge pump is 20mV peak-to-peak, typically ten times less than inductor-based DC/DC boost converter white LED backlight solutions. The AAT2805 soft-start feature prevents noise transient effects associated with inrush currents during startup of the charge pump circuit.
AAT2805
Ceramic Capacitor Materials
Ceramic capacitors less than 0.1F are typically made from NPO or C0G materials. NPO and C0G materials generally have tight tolerance and are very stable over temperature. Larger capacitor values are usually composed of X7R, X5R, Z5U, or Y5V dielectric materials. Large ceramic capacitors (i.e., greater than 2.2F) are often available in lowcost Y5V and Z5U dielectrics, but capacitors greater than 1F are not typically required for AAT2805 applications. Capacitor area is another contributor to ESR. Capacitors that are physically large will have a lower ESR when compared to an equivalent material smaller capacitor. These larger devices can improve circuit transient response when compared to an equal value capacitor in a smaller package size.
Capacitor Selection
Careful selection of the six external capacitors CIN, C1, C2, C3 and COUT (for backlight and flash) is important because they will affect turn-on time, output ripple, and transient performance. Optimum performance will be obtained when low equivalent series resistance (ESR) (<100m) ceramic capacitors are used. In general, low ESR may be defined as less than 100m. A value of 1F for all six capacitors is a good starting point when choosing capacitors.
Thermal Protection
The AAT2805 has a thermal protection circuit that will shut down the two charge pumps if the die temperature rises above the thermal limit.
Capacitor Characteristics
Ceramic composition capacitors are highly recommended over all other types of capacitors for use with the AAT2805. Ceramic capacitors offer many advantages over their tantalum and aluminum electrolytic counterparts. A ceramic capacitor typically has very low ESR, is lowest cost, has a smaller PCB footprint, and is non-polarized. Low ESR ceramic capacitors help maximize charge pump transient response. Since ceramic capacitors are non-polarized, they are not prone to incorrect connection damage.
Charge Pump Power Efficiency
Backlight Charge Pump: The charge pump efficiency discussion in the following sections only accounts for the efficiency of the charge pump section itself. Due to the unique circuit architecture, it is very difficult to measure efficiency in terms of a percent value comparing input power over output power. Since the outputs are pure constant current sinks and typically drive individual loads, it is difficult to measure the output voltage for a given output (D1 to D4) to derive an overall output power measurement. For any given application, white LED forward voltage levels can differ, yet the output drive current will be maintained as a constant. This makes quantifying output power a difficult task when taken in the context of comparing to other white LED driver circuit topologies. A better way to quantify total device efficiency is to observe the total input power to the device for a given LED current drive level. The best white LED driver for a given application should be based on trade-offs of size, external component count, reliability, operating range, and total energy usage...not just "% efficiency."
Equivalent Series Resistance
ESR is an important characteristic to consider when selecting a capacitor. ESR is a resistance internal to a capacitor that is caused by the leads, internal connections, size or area, material composition, and ambient temperature. Capacitor ESR is typically measured in milliohms for ceramic capacitors and can range to more than several ohms for tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitors.
14
2805.2006.04.1.7
Dual High Efficiency Charge Pump for White LED and Flash Applications
Efficiency of the AAT2805 may be quantified under very specific conditions and is dependent upon the input voltage versus the output voltage seen across the loads applied to outputs D1 through D4 for a given constant current setting. Depending on the combination of VIN and voltages sensed at the current sinks, the device will operate in load switch mode. When any one of the voltages sensed at the current sinks nears dropout, the device will operate in 1.5X or 2X charge pump mode. Each of these modes will yield different efficiency values. Refer to the following two sections for explanations for each operational mode. Load Switch Mode Efficiency: The load switch mode is operational at all times and functions alone to enhance device power conversion efficiency when VIN is greater than the voltage across the load. When in load switch mode, the voltage conversion efficiency is defined as output power divided by input power: In addition, with an ideal 1.5X charge pump, the output current may be expressed as 2/3 of the input current. The expression to define the ideal efficiency () can be rewritten as:
VOUT x IOUT VOUT POUT = = PIN VIN x 1.5IOUT 1.5VIN
AAT2805
=
-or VOUT 1.5VIN
(%) = 100
=
POUT PIN
For a charge pump with an output of 5V and a nominal input of 3.5V, the theoretical efficiency is 95%. Due to internal switching losses and IC quiescent current consumption, the actual efficiency can be measured at 93%. These figures are in close agreement for output load conditions from 1mA to 100mA. Efficiency will decrease as load current drops below 0.05mA or when level of VIN approaches VOUT. Flash Charge Pump: The flash charge pump is a regulated output voltage doubling charge pump. The efficiency is defined as a linear voltage regulator with an effective output voltage that is equal to two times the input voltage. The expression to define the ideal efficiency can be written as:
POUT VOUT x IOUT VOUT = = PIN VIN x 2.0IOUT 2.0VIN
The expression to define the ideal efficiency () can be rewritten as:
POUT VOUT x IOUT VOUT = = PIN VIN x IOUT VIN
=
-or=
(%) = 100
VOUT VIN
-or VOUT 2.0VIN
Charge Pump Mode Efficiency: Fractional charge pumps will boost the input supply voltage in the event where VIN is less than the voltage required on the constant current source outputs. The efficiency () can be simply defined as a linear voltage regulator with an effective output voltage that is equal to one and a half or two times the input voltage. Efficiency () for an ideal 1.5X charge pump can typically be expressed as the output power divided by the input power:
(%) = 100
=
POUT PIN
For a charge pump with an output of 5V and a nominal input of 3V, the theoretical efficiency is 83.3%. Due to internal switching losses and IC quiescent current consumption, the actual efficiency can be measured at approximately 82%. Efficiency will decrease as the level of VIN approaches that of the regulated VOUT. Refer to the device typical characteristics curves for expected actual efficiency based on either input voltage or load current.
2805.2006.04.1.7
15
Dual High Efficiency Charge Pump for White LED and Flash Applications Ordering Information
Package
TDFN44-16
AAT2805
Marking1
NIXYY
Part Number (Tape and Reel)2
AAT2805IXN-4.5-T1
All AnalogicTech products are offered in Pb-free packaging. The term "Pb-free" means semiconductor products that are in compliance with current RoHS standards, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. For more information, please visit our website at http://www.analogictech.com/pbfree.
Package Information
Index Area (D/2 x E/2)
TDFN44-16
Detail "B"
4.00 0.05
3.30 0.05
0.3 0.10 0.16
0.375 0.125
0.075 0.075 0.1 REF Detail "A"
Top View
Bottom View
Pin 1 Indicator (optional)
7.5 7.5
+ 0.05 0.8 -0.20
0.229 0.051
Detail "B"
Option A: C0.30 (4x) max Chamfered corner Option B: R0.30 (4x) max Round corner
0.05 0.05
Side View
All dimensions in millimeters. 1. XYY = assembly and date code. 2. Sample stock is generally held on part numbers listed in BOLD.
(c) Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc.
Detail "A"
AnalogicTech cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in an AnalogicTech product. No circuit patent licenses, copyrights, mask work rights, or other intellectual property rights are implied. AnalogicTech reserves the right to make changes to their products or specifications or to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers are advised to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgement, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. AnalogicTech warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with AnalogicTech's standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent AnalogicTech deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed. AnalogicTech and the AnalogicTech logo are trademarks of Advanced Analogic Technologies Incorporated. All other brand and product names appearing in this document are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.
Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc.
830 E. Arques Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 Phone (408) 737-4600 Fax (408) 737-4611 16
2805.2006.04.1.7
0.23 0.05
0.45 0.05
4.00 0.05
2.60 0.05

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